Water Storage and Purification: A Hiker’s Guide

Water Purification Methods

When hiking in the wilderness for extended periods, it’s unlikely you’ll be able to carry enough water for your entire trip. That’s where water purification comes in. Here are the most effective methods:

1. Water Filters

Water filters are one of the most popular and reliable ways to purify water in the wilderness. They physically remove bacteria, protozoa, and debris from water sources, making it safe to drink.

Pump Filters: These use a hand-pump mechanism to draw water through a filter. Popular models like the MSR MiniWorks or Katadyn Hiker Pro can filter large volumes of water relatively quickly.

Squeeze Filters: Compact and lightweight, squeeze filters like the Sawyer Squeeze are ideal for day hikers or ultralight backpackers. You fill a bag with water, attach the filter, and squeeze it into your bottle or drink directly.

Gravity Filters: Ideal for groups or base camps, gravity filters like the Platypus GravityWorks use gravity to filter water without the need for pumping. Fill a bag with water, hang it, and let gravity do the work.

2. Boiling Water

Boiling is one of the most effective ways to purify water, killing bacteria, viruses, and parasites. If you don’t have access to a filter, boiling your water is a reliable backup.

– How to Boil Water for Purification: Bring water to a rolling boil for at least 1 minute at low altitudes. At higher altitudes (above 6,500 feet or 2,000 meters), boil for at least 3 minutes since water boils at a lower temperature in thinner air.

While boiling is a foolproof method, it can be time-consuming and requires a stove or campfire, making it less convenient for on-the-go hydration.

3. Chemical Purification

Chemical treatments like water purification tablets or drops can be used when you don’t have access to a filter or the means to boil water. These tablets typically use chlorine dioxide or iodine to kill microorganisms.

– How to Use: Simply drop the tablet or solution into your water and let it sit for the recommended time (usually 30 minutes to 4 hours, depending on the chemical). Keep in mind that chemical treatments don’t remove debris, so you may need to pre-filter the water through a bandana or cloth.

– Drawbacks: While lightweight and effective, chemical treatments may leave an unpleasant taste and take longer to purify the water compared to filters or boiling.

4. UV Purification

UV water purifiers, such as the Steripen, use ultraviolet light to destroy microorganisms in the water. These devices are lightweight and easy to use—just submerge the UV light into the water and stir for about 90 seconds.

– Limitations: UV purifiers require batteries, which can be a drawback for longer trips, and they don’t filter out debris or dirt, so it’s important to start with relatively clear water.

Best Practices for Water Storage and Purification

1. Know Your Water Sources: Before your hike, research the availability of water sources on your trail. This will help you decide how much water to carry and when to purify water along the way.  

2. Pre-filter Murky Water: If you’re collecting water from a murky or debris-filled source, pre-filter it through a cloth or bandana before using a filter or purifier. This prevents clogging and improves the purification process.

3. Store Water Safely: After purifying water, store it in clean containers and keep it away from potential contaminants like dirty hands, unsanitized gear, or animal tracks.

4.Stay Hydrated: Drink water regularly to avoid dehydration, especially in hot or high-altitude environments where your body loses water faster.

When hiking, especially in remote areas, clean drinking water is critical to your health and safety. Avoid drinking directly from streams and lakes, and always use a reliable purification method like filters, boiling, or chemical treatments. With proper water storage and purification, you can stay hydrated and enjoy your hike without worrying about harmful contaminants.